Text below adapted from http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/goto?id=OBJ1369 From the rockshelter of Montastruc, Tarn-et-Garonne, France Carved from a reindeer antler Spear throwers came into use about 18 000 years ago in western Europe. They possessed a sense of aesthetics and an intuition for the right material, as may be seen from their handaxes. Acid from the termites has etched the ends of the bones. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014 Source and text: Original, Københavns (Copenhagen) Museum, National Museum of Denmark, Hand axes from France. Koobi Fora, Kenya. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source and text: LVR-Landesmuseum Bonn, Germany Additional text: http://www.georallye.uni-bonn.de/kartstein_bei_satzvey, Acheulian hand axe. Flint from the anticline of Audignon. Circa 70 000 BP - 50 000 BP Photo: Don Hitchcock 2018 Source and text: Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart On loan from the Archäologischen Landesmuseum Baden-Württemberg, Scraper, Muschelkalkhornstein, Middle Triassic chert, from Bad Urach, Wittlingen, Kreis Reutlingen.

Elongated tear drop form with slight ancient damage at tip. It was initially proposed that these spears represented the earliest known simple projectile weapons found, since they were dated to 300 000 BP. This last method was much faster. The web weight series which have been found, and the findings of 'experimental archeology' along with old traditions have allowed the reconstruction of this 'bronze age' weight loom. These are of a coarse grained material, possibly quartzite. The Ahrensburg culture or Ahrensburgian (11th to 10th millennia BCE) was a late Upper Paleolithic nomadic hunter culture (or technocomplex) in north-central Europe. “The Ice Age tools provide the first unequivocal presence of people in Scotland about 3,000 years earlier than previously indicated. A burin is a flint tool with a chisel-like edge which was used for engraving, or for carving wood or bone. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014 Source: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source and text: Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, near Düsseldorf, Germany On loan from the Löbbecke Museum, Düsseldorf. Pieces of limestone from a cave in Mexico may be the oldest human tools ever found in the Americas, and suggest people first entered the continent up to 33,000 years ago – much earlier than previously thought. Think of the special tool that would have been made in order to get it perfect….. I am reminded of the invention of ceramics at Dolni Vestonice, which flourished for a short time, then disappeared for tens of thousands of years. A shaped limestone point, one of the stone tools found at the Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexico that archaeologists think dates from around 30,000 years ago, before the last Ice Age. Ciprian Ardelean, an archaeologist with the Autonomous University of Zacatecas in Mexico, the lead author of one of the papers, said the finds were the result of years of careful digging at the Chiquihuite Cave in north-central Mexico. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe Germany, Hand axes from North Africa. Twelve concentrations of flint and bone material were excavated.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source and text: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe Germany, A very characteristic artefact from the late Magdalenian culture is the barbed harpoon head, with both single and double rows of barbs. Tools from Solutré, Solutrean, 18 000 BP. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe Germany, Petersfels, Germany, ca 15 000 BP Flint cores from the Upper Palaeolithic, from which tools were struck. 18 000 BP - 12 000 BP. C 735 Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe Germany, Quartzite handaxe from the old Palaeolithic of East Africa.
Circa 70 000 BP - 50 000 BP Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source and text: Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart On loan from the Archäologischen Landesmuseum Baden-Württemberg, Residual core of Wittlinger Jurassic chert, Bad Urach, Wittlingen, circa 70 000 BP - 50 000 BP Photo: Don Hitchcock 2018 Source and text: Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart On loan from the Archäologischen Landesmuseum Baden-Württemberg, Flint racloirs, or side scrapers, from Abri Reignoux (Abilly), France. Photos of two facsimiles of the same object from 'Ubeidiya, Israel. Volcanic eruptions in Iceland resulted in ash clouds over Scotland, with layers of volcanic ash deposited over the landscape. They were utilised with wood, bone, resin and fibre to form a composite tool or weapon and traces of wood to which microliths were attached have been found in Sweden, Denmark and England.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015, 2018 Source and text: Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart, The flint tools of the Neanderthals were made of flakes struck from special rounded cores. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe Germany, These are a beautiful matched set of parrot beak burins from Le Souci, Lalinde. (right) Stielspitze, Shouldered Point, Vézère valley, France.

However we now know that a group of ice age hunter-gatherers visited Islay much earlier, discarding broken stone tools at what we think was maybe a camp site, on the island's east coast. While many of the flakes made from rock crystal are usable, they are difficult to retouch. You need the screw thread to be conical because it allows you to use the same ivory stopper in a number of different sized femurs, and in any case, the conical shape means you can get the stopper really tight. Hatchets and axes are tools that were used in the Neolithic period for home construction. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014 Source: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden. It had to have been made by the same artisan or group of artisans, for sure. A fine example of an arrowhead, beautifully crafted, from Ahrensburg, circa 13 000 BP - 11 500 BP Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015 Source: Originals, Archäologisches Museum Hamburg, Germany Text: © information booklet at the Museum. Blades were used as knives, and were easier to use if they were hafted, or put on a handle. Neanderthals Weaned And Raised Their Children Similarly To Modern Humans, Unique 8,000 Year-Old Child Burial Reveals Its Secrets, Ancient Hindu Sheetal Temple Vandalized – Lord Shiva And Elephant God Ganesha Statues Destroyed, Monster Water God Gong Gong Blamed For Cosmic Catastrophes In Chinese Myths, Unusual 260,000-Year-Old Modern-Shaped Florisbad Skull Challenges The Theory Of Evolution, Hidden Carving Of Stonemason Never Meant To Be Seen Discovered In Cathedral Santiago De Compostela, Ancient ‘Cosmic’ Artifacts – Ancient Civilizations Used Meteoric Iron Much Earlier Than Previously Thought, World’s First Documented Labor Strike Took Place In Ancient Egypt In The 12th Century BC, Mother, Father, Child, Marriage And Divorce In Viking Society, Horses In Florida Did Not Travel Far Distances – New Study Suggests, Kunlun Mountain – Mythical Dwelling Place Of Gods, Sacred Animals And Symbol Of Axis Mundi In Chinese Mythology, Lost Kingdom Of Idu And Its Seven Unknown Kings. These bones were used for 'termite fishing'. I don't know how they did that, I assume they decided what they were going to do with the hide before they started, and made the smallest incisions possible to get out the squishy bits. Handaxes are a characteristic tool of the ancient palaeolithic.

Catalog: E1183 Photo: Don Hitchcock 2018 Source and text: The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, (left) Almond shaped flint biface hand axe from the Lower Palaeolithic, collected at Bertranoux: Commune Creysse, Aquitane, Dordogne. It is the only known example which has a hole for an eye (which probably held an insert of bone or stone). In contrast to the 'drill' (shown below) no sand is needed, as the flint blade is harder than the rock.


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